(COMUNICADO DE PRENSA) GENEVA, 16-Jan-2023 — /EuropaWire/ — The World Economic Forum, una ONG internacional comprometida con mejorar el estado del mundo, ha anunciado que, según una encuesta realizada por la Comunidad de Economistas Jefes del Foro Económico Mundial, es probable que se produzca una recesión mundial en 2023. La encuesta, que se lanzó en la Reunión Anual del Foro Económico Mundial en Davos-Klosters, Suiza, encontró que dos tercios de los principales economistas encuestados creen que es probable que haya una recesión mundial en 2023, con un 18% que la considera extremadamente probable. Esto marca un aumento significativo con respecto a la encuesta anterior realizada en septiembre de 2022.
Las perspectivas de crecimiento en 2023 son sombrías, ya que todos los principales economistas encuestados esperan un crecimiento débil o muy débil en Europa, y el 91 % espera un crecimiento débil o muy débil en los Estados Unidos. Esto representa una disminución de las cifras reportadas en la última encuesta, que fueron 86% para Europa y 64% para Estados Unidos.
En China, las expectativas de crecimiento están más divididas, y los encuestados se dividen casi por igual entre los que esperan un crecimiento débil o fuerte. Se espera que la reciente decisión de revertir la política altamente restrictiva de cero COVID del país impulse el crecimiento, pero aún está por verse su impacto en la economía y la salud pública.
Sobre el tema de la inflación, los principales economistas ven una variación significativa entre las regiones, con una proporción que espera una inflación alta en 2023 que va desde el 5 % para China hasta el 57 % para Europa. A pesar de un año de fuerte y coordinado endurecimiento de los bancos centrales, los principales economistas esperan que la postura de la política monetaria se mantenga constante en la mayor parte del mundo este año. Sin embargo, la mayoría espera un mayor endurecimiento en Europa y Estados Unidos.
Los principales economistas señalaron que es probable que 2023 implique un acto de equilibrio difícil para los responsables de la formulación de políticas entre ajustar demasiado o muy poco. En respuesta a los obstáculos económicos, se espera que las empresas reduzcan los costos de manera significativa. Sin embargo, los principales economistas siguen siendo optimistas sobre la inflación y los sólidos balances.
“Dado que dos tercios de los principales economistas esperan una recesión mundial en 2023, la economía global se encuentra en una posición precaria. El entorno actual de alta inflación, bajo crecimiento, alta deuda y alta fragmentación reduce los incentivos para las inversiones necesarias para volver al crecimiento y elevar los niveles de vida de los más vulnerables del mundo”, dijo Saadia Zahidi, directora general del Foro Económico Mundial. “Los líderes deben mirar más allá de las crisis actuales para invertir en innovación alimentaria y energética, educación y desarrollo de habilidades, y en los mercados de alto potencial generadores de empleo del mañana. No hay tiempo que perder”.
También se espera que múltiples vientos en contra ejerzan un lastre en la actividad comercial en 2023. Nueve de cada 10 encuestados esperan que tanto la demanda débil como los altos costos de endeudamiento pesen sobre las empresas, y más del 60% también apunta a costos de insumos más altos. Se espera que estos desafíos lleven a las empresas multinacionales a reducir costos, y muchos economistas jefe esperan que las empresas reduzcan los gastos operativos (86 %), despidan trabajadores (78 %) y optimicen las cadenas de suministro (77 %).
En términos más generales, los economistas en jefe esperan que el panorama global siga siendo desafiante para las empresas: el 100 % de los encuestados espera que las tendencias geopolíticas globales continúen redibujando el mapa de la actividad económica global a lo largo de nuevas fisuras y fallas geopolíticas. Es probable que este cambio económico más amplio repercuta en los flujos de comercio, inversión, mano de obra y tecnología, creando una miríada de desafíos y oportunidades para los negocios.
Una señal positiva es que no se espera que las interrupciones en la cadena de suministro causen un lastre significativo en la actividad comercial en 2023.
Si bien el Informe de riesgos globales 2023 ;encontraron recientemente que la crisis del costo de la vida se encuentra entre los riesgos más urgentes del mundo, los economistas jefes ven que la crisis podría acercarse a su punto máximo, con una mayoría (68%) esperando que se haya vuelto menos severa para el finales de 2023. Una tendencia similar es evidente en relación con la crisis energética, con un 64% esperando alguna mejora para finales de año. Además, los encuestados destacaron una serie de posibles fuentes de optimismo a principios de 2023, incluida la solidez de las finanzas de los hogares, las crecientes señales de alivio de las presiones inflacionarias y la resiliencia continua del mercado laboral.
Notas para los editores
Acerca de la reunión anual del Foro Económico Mundial 2023
El Foro Económico Mundial Reunión Anual 2023 convoca a los principales líderes del mundo bajo el tema Cooperación en un mundo fragmentado. Hace un llamado a los líderes mundiales para que aborden las crisis económicas, energéticas y alimentarias inmediatas mientras sientan las bases para un mundo más sostenible y resistente. Para obtener más información, haga clic aquí.
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El Foro Económico Mundial, comprometido con mejorar el estado del mundo, es la Organización Internacional para la Cooperación Público-Privada. El Foro involucra a los principales líderes políticos, empresariales y de otro tipo de la sociedad para dar forma a las agendas mundiales, regionales e industriales. (www.weforum.org).
DESCARGO DE RESPONSABILIDAD: La versión en español de este comunicado de prensa es una traducción del comunicado de prensa original, que está escrito en inglés, y es solo para fines informativos. En caso de discrepancia, prevalecerá la versión en inglés de este comunicado de prensa.
SOURCE: World Economic Forum
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