Ein Kooperationsprojekt mit Konstanzer Beteiligung erforscht mit der Rekonstruktion des Drosophila-Gehirns die Grundlage für ein allgemeines Gehirnmodell
Konstanz, Germany, 10-2-2015 — /EuropaWire/ — Wir organisiert ein Gehirn Verhalten? Obwohl es Gehirnforschern aus vielen Disziplinen gelungen ist, bestimmte Aspekte von Verhalten bestimmten Gehirnarealen zuzuordnen, gibt es bis heute noch kein einfaches generell akzeptiertes Modell für die Funktionsweise des Gehirns. Ziel der wissenschaftlichen Kooperation zwischen dem Konstanzer Neurobiologen Dr. Andreas Thum sowie den beiden Informatikerinnen Prof. Dr. Dorit Merhof von der Universität Aachen und Dr. Katja Bühler vom Zentrum für Virtual Reality und Visualisierungsforschung in Wien, Österreich, ist die Grundlage zu schaffen für die Herstellung eines solchen Gehirnmodells. Für ihr Projekt „4D-Standardatlas des larvalen Gehirns“ erhält die Forschungskooperation in den kommenden drei Jahren von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) und dem Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) in Österreich zirka 1,1 Millionen Euro. Es handelt sich um ein D-A-CH-Projekt, das Forschungsinteraktionen zwischen Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz unterstützt.
Das Gehirn der Fruchtfliege Drosophila eignet sich auf besondere Weise als Modellgehirn. In seiner larvalen Entwicklung verfügt es über zirka 10.000 Nervenzellen und nimmt damit eine Mittelposition zwischen extrem einfachen Formen wie der des Fadenwurms C. elegans und komplexen Gehirnsystemen wie die von Wirbeltieren ein. Andreas Thum, der an der Universität Konstanz eine Emmy Noether-Nachwuchsgruppe leitet, hat für seine Forschung mit Drosophila-Larven in der Vergangenheit bereits mehrfach öffentliche Förderung erhalten. Unter anderem wurde er in das internationale Programm für Gastwissenschaftlerinnen und Gastwissenschaftler des Forschungsinstituts „Janelia Research Campus“ in den USA aufgenommen, welches auch indirekt dieses Forschungsvorhaben unterstützt. Ziel der Arbeit ist, das Drosophila-Gehirn während seiner larvalen Entwicklung in seiner Gesamtheit neuroanatomisch zu rekonstruieren. Dieser 3D-Gehirnatlas wird, ergänzt durch den Zeitfaktor, zum „4D-Standardaltlas“ erweitert. Andreas Thum, der auch als Sprecher des Kooperationsprojekts fungiert, wird mit seinem Labor einzelne Hirnareale visualisieren und funktionell analysieren. Das Labor von Dorit Merhof, die bis 2013 Junior-Professorin für Visual Computing an der Universität Konstanz war, wird einzelne Larvengehirne auf solch ein Standardgehirn „registrieren“, das heißt, individuelle Gehirne auf das Standardgehirn übertragen. Im Labor von Katja Bühler in Wien werden die Daten organisiert, visualisiert und in Form einer Open Access-Datenbank zur Verfügung gestellt. „Zum ersten Mal wird es möglich sein, in Europa eine gemeinsame Plattform zu schaffen, die die weltweit rasant wachsende neurobiologische Gemeinschaft, die mit der Drosophila-Larve arbeitet, mit Ressourcen unterstützt“, so Andreas Thum.
Kontakt
Dr. Andreas Thum
Universität Konstanz
Zukunftskolleg
Universitätsstraße 10
78464 Konstanz
Telefon: + 49 7531 88-5679
andreas.thum@uni-konstanz.de
Universität Konstanz
Kommunikation und Marketing
78457 Konstanz
Tel.: +49 7531 88-3603
Fax: +49 7531 88-3766
kum@uni-konstanz.de
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