University of Helsinki Study Reveals Distinct Sikhote-Alin Lineage and Conservation Needs for Siberian Flying Squirrel

University of Helsinki Study Reveals Distinct Sikhote-Alin Lineage and Conservation Needs for Siberian Flying Squirrel

(IN BRIEF) University of Helsinki researchers, with domestic and Russian partners, used genome-wide SNPs and mitochondrial DNA to chart genetic diversity in the Siberian flying squirrel. They found minimal variation in Finland and maximal, deeply divergent diversity in Russia’s Sikhote-Alin, suggesting a potential new subspecies or species. Western populations face habitat loss and low adaptive capacity, prompting calls for taxonomic review, strengthened protection of mature boreal forests, and genetic monitoring to inform conservation across the Eurasian taiga.

(PRESS RELEASE) HELSINKI, 8-Jul-2025 — /EuropaWire/ — Researchers at the University of Helsinki, in collaboration with the Finnish Museum of Natural History, the University of Oulu, and partners in Russia, have unveiled striking insights into the evolutionary past and urgent conservation needs of the Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans). By applying cutting-edge genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis alongside mitochondrial DNA sequencing, our team mapped the species’ genetic landscape from its eastern refugia to its westernmost outposts.

Our results reveal a pronounced decline in genetic diversity moving westward: Finnish populations exhibit the lowest variability, whereas squirrels in Russia’s Sikhote-Alin region harbor exceptional diversity—so pronounced that they may constitute a new subspecies or even a distinct species. Lead investigator Dr. Jaana Kekkonen of the University of Helsinki comments, “These discoveries compel us to reconsider the taxonomic boundaries of Pteromys volans and underscore the evolutionary importance of the Sikhote-Alin lineage.”

Beyond taxonomy, our findings carry significant conservation implications. Western populations, particularly in Finland—which supports the European Union’s largest flying-squirrel population—are experiencing steep declines and habitat fragmentation. Low genetic variability may limit these groups’ ability to adapt to climate change and other environmental pressures. “As stewards of Finland’s biodiversity, we must prioritize the protection and connectivity of mature boreal forests,” says Assistant Professor Stefan Prost.

Because the Siberian flying squirrel serves as an umbrella and indicator species for taiga ecosystems, safeguarding its habitat delivers broad benefits for forest-dependent wildlife. Our team recommends an immediate reassessment of conservation statuses across the species’ range and the development of genetic-monitoring tools to guide evidence-based management. These measures are vital for preserving the integrity of the Eurasian taiga—one of the planet’s largest and most threatened forest biomes.

Original article: Population structure of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans revealed by genomic and mitochondrial data.

Media Contacts:

Jaana Kekkonen
Laboratory Coordinator
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland
email: jaana.kekkonen@helsinki.fi
Tel: +358294157784

Thomas Lilley
Academy Research Fellow
Zoology
email: thomas.lilley@helsinki.fi
Tel: +358294128630

SOURCE: University of Helsinki